International Mother Language Day is observed every year on February 21 to promote linguistic and cultural diversity, as well as multilingualism. The day holds deep historical significance, particularly for Bangladesh, where it originated. In 1952, the people of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) fought to have their language, Bengali, recognized as one of the state languages of Pakistan. The movement led to the tragic deaths of several students who were shot by police while protesting in Dhaka. Their sacrifice is remembered as a symbol of the right to speak one’s mother tongue, and the day is observed in Bangladesh as Shaheed Dibosh (Martyrs’ Day).
In recognition of this struggle and the importance of linguistic diversity worldwide, UNESCO declared February 21 as International Mother Language Day in 1999, and it has been observed globally since 2000. The aim is to promote awareness about the importance of preserving native languages and ensuring that every community has the right to learn, speak, and write in their mother tongue.
Language is more than just a means of communication—it is an integral part of culture, history, and identity. It shapes how people express their thoughts, emotions, and traditions. Unfortunately, many languages around the world are at risk of extinction. According to UNESCO, nearly 40% of the world’s languages are endangered, as dominant languages take over in education, governance, and media. When a language disappears, a unique way of understanding the world is lost forever.
International Mother Language Day serves as a reminder that linguistic diversity strengthens societies by fostering inclusion, cultural awareness, and mutual respect. It encourages governments, educational institutions, and communities to take action in preserving endangered languages and promoting multilingual education. Studies have shown that children learn better when taught in their native language, as it enhances cognitive development and helps them grasp new concepts more effectively.
Each year, UNESCO selects a theme to highlight different aspects of language preservation. These themes focus on topics such as inclusive education, indigenous languages, and digital learning in native languages. Various events, including seminars, cultural programs, and literary competitions, are held worldwide to celebrate linguistic heritage. In Bangladesh, people pay tribute to the language martyrs by visiting the Shaheed Minar (Martyrs’ Monument) in Dhaka, offering flowers and participating in processions.
The observance of International Mother Language Day reminds us that linguistic rights are fundamental human rights. Language connects generations, carries traditions, and helps preserve the uniqueness of different cultures. By promoting language preservation and multilingualism, we can create a more inclusive and diverse world where every voice is valued and respected.
